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روان شناسی و مشاوره::
شکاف دستمزد
In an analysis of three longitudinal studies, the pay gap that spanned the years 1978 through 2000 was examined to disentangle how much of the gap was due to human capital and how much was due to unequal treatment or discrimination (Joshi, Makepeace, & Dolton, 2007).
Because the pay gap decreased over this period of time, people assumed it was due to women's greater education, greater labor force participation, and more equal opportunities- that is, changes in human capital.
However, education, experience, and other human capital factors do not explain much of the pay gap.
The fact that the pay gap persists suggest discrimination is still operating.
Lips (2013) argues that it is difficult to disentangle supply and demand to estimate contributors to the pay gap because the two are interrelated.
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